Tooth decay—better known as cavities—affects people of all ages and starts when harmful bacteria in your mouth produce acids that attack and erode your enamel. Left untreated, this can lead to pain, infection, and even tooth loss.
- 27% of kids aged 5-10 have untreated decay in baby teeth.
- 11% of kids aged 6-14 face decay in permanent teeth.
- 32% of adults live with untreated cavities in their permanent teeth.
While preventing cavities is the goal, sometimes they sneak in despite our best efforts. When they do, dental fillings often step in as the ideal fix—halting decay, restoring function, and optimising tooth health. Think of your dental filling as nipping a growing problem in the bud—repairing the damage before it has the chance to spread.
What are dental fillings?
Dental fillings are a tried-and-true method to stop tooth decay in its tracks. When a dentist detects a cavity, they remove the decayed portion of the tooth and fill the hole with a filling material. This prevents the decay from spreading and protects the remaining tooth structure.
Common types of dental fillings
Dental fillings have come a long way since the days of unsightly silver amalgam fillings. Today, you have more aesthetically pleasing options to restore your teeth while maintaining a beautifully natural smile.
When selecting a filling, several factors influence the decision. The size and location of the cavity, your budget, and your personal preference for the filling’s appearance are all important considerations. Your dentist will carefully evaluate these factors and recommend the most suitable and effective option for your specific needs.
Composite resin fillings
Composite resin fillings have become the most popular choice for many patients due to their aesthetic appeal. These tooth-coloured fillings are composed of acrylic resin reinforced with ceramic particles such as silica or powdered glass quartz. This unique combination provides the material with its strength, durability and ability to mimic the appearance of natural teeth.
Composite fillings are best suited for small to medium-sized cavities on both front and back teeth. However, for large fillings or those located in areas with high chewing pressure, your dentist may recommend a different type of filling material.
Ceramic fillings
Ceramic fillings are an excellent option for patients seeking the ultimate in natural-looking restorations. These porcelain fillings are incredibly strong, stain-resistant, and mimic the translucency of natural teeth. While they are more expensive than composite fillings, many patients find the investment worthwhile for the exceptional aesthetic results. Ceramic fillings typically cover larger cavities or when a portion of the tooth is missing.
Amalgam fillings
While still durable and affordable, amalgam fillings (silver fillings) have declined in popularity due to their noticeable appearance. They are typically used on back teeth, where aesthetics are less of a concern. While they remain a viable option in certain cases, most patients today prefer the more discreet and natural-looking alternatives.
Gold fillings
Known for their exceptional strength and longevity, gold fillings are a classic choice for some patients. However, their high cost and noticeable appearance have limited their popularity. Similar to amalgam fillings, gold fillings are often used on back teeth due to their durability.
What to expect when you get a dental filling
A dental filling is a straightforward procedure designed to restore your tooth to its original function and appearance. While the specifics may vary depending on the individual case, the general process is as follows:
Anaesthesia: To ensure you are comfortable, your dentist can administer a local anaesthetic to numb the area around the affected tooth. This makes the procedure virtually painless.
Cavity removal: Using specialised dental instruments, such as a drill or excavator, your dentist will carefully remove the decayed part of your tooth. A gentle water spray may be used to clear away debris and keep the area clean, which helps prevent further decay.
Cleaning: The tooth will be thoroughly cleaned and dried to eliminate bacteria or moisture. This step is crucial to ensure the filling stays securely in place.
Etching: A conditioning liquid is applied to roughen the tooth’s surface, which helps the filling material adhere better.
Bonding agent: A bonding agent is applied to create a strong connection between your tooth and the filling material.
Filling placement: The chosen filling material, such as composite or ceramic, is carefully placed and shaped to match the natural contour of your tooth.
Curing: Your dentist will use a special dental light to harden the filling material.
Polishing: The filling is then shaped to fit smoothly with the natural contour of your tooth and polished for a natural finish.
Bite adjustment: Your dentist will check your bite to ensure that everything feels comfortable and functions correctly.
The entire procedure usually takes between 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the complexity of the cavity. Afterwards, you might experience some temporary sensitivity, but this should quickly subside.
Prevention is your best defence
While dental fillings are essential for repairing damage, the best strategy is to stop tooth decay before it even starts. Incorporating these healthy preventative habits into your daily routine can significantly lower your risk of cavities:
1. Brush thoroughly twice a day: Use fluoride toothpaste to effectively remove plaque and food particles that contribute to tooth decay.
2. Floss daily: Flossing helps clean between your teeth where your toothbrush can’t reach, preventing plaque buildup and decay in those areas.
3. Limit sugary and starchy foods: Reduce your intake of foods and drinks high in sugar and starch, as they can feed bacteria that cause cavities.
4. Schedule regular dental check-ups: Regular visits to your dentist for cleanings and examinations can help detect and address potential issues before they become serious.
Combine these preventive habits with regular dental visits to give your teeth the best possible chance at lasting health and strength.
Stronger smiles for life
Getting a filling isn’t a setback—it’s a smart solution. Tooth decay can be a challenge, but it doesn’t have to take over your smile. Understanding how dental fillings stop cavities is the first step toward maintaining a lifetime of healthy teeth. With regular dental check-ups and consistent oral hygiene, you’re in control of your dental health. Keep your smile shining bright and your mouth happy!
